Windshield Survey - 1449 Words

A windshield survey is an assessment and evaluation of a community performed by traveling throughout the community in a car or public transportation to make observations about a community. The data gathered will help identify health care strengths and weaknesses in the specified community. A community is a social group established by geographic boundaries or common values and interests. Its members know and interact with one another and function in a particular social structure and exhibit and create norms, values and, social institutions (Stanhope, 2008). Community health has three mutual traits, or aspects: status, structure, and process. Community health in terms of status or outcome, is the most familiar and received approach; it†¦show more content†¦This is a Windshield Survey of Philadelphia, PA, 19154 completed on June 16, 2010. The information collected in this survey displayed basic ideas about this community and identified needs for a certain population in the community. Housing and zoning- The homes and buildings were builtafter 1950. The homes and buildings are constructed from brick, vinyl siding and are a mix of row and single homes and the homes are in excellent condition. These homes vary in size and land. | Transportation- The most common means of transportation 19154. area include driving a car alone, carpooling and public transportation SEPTA(Southeastern Public Transportation Authority)During observations in the community, many bus stops werehad 6-8 people waiting. Somewere in their school uniforms, some wo rk attire, and others were casually dressed. Theconditions of the roads need minor repairs most are newly paved. | Race and ethnicity- The chief ethnic group in the 19154 is a heavily populated, urban zip code in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The population is largely white, and mostly married couples. Total Population: 35,606 White Population: 31,896 Black Population: 1,678 Hispanic Population: 1,030 Asian Population: 812 Hawaiian Population: 13 Indian Population: 48 Male Population: 17,313 Female Population: 18,293 Median Age: 36.2 Median Age of Males: 34.9 Median Age of Females: 37.6. (Neighiborhood Link National Network, 2011) . | Open space- There is not much open space, but theShow MoreRelatedA Survey On Windshield Surveys1185 Words   |  5 Pages Windshield survey Boundaries The boundaries of the windshield surveys consisted of the north to south areas located between The Gateway Park and 16th street, and west to east areas between 4th avenue and Arizona. This location is often referred to as â€Å"Historic Yuma† or â€Å"Old Yuma† and contains many historical buildings. Housing and Zoning The buildings found in this area range from historical buildings built in the 1900’s to newer homes and commercial buildings. Houses are generally older withRead MoreA Survey Of The Windshield Survey1302 Words   |  6 PagesWindshield Survey: Valdosta, Georgia Community health nurses have the responsibility of assessing the community he or she will be working in to provide the best care to the residents in the community and to gather this data the community health nurse completes a windshield survey (Nies McEwen, 2015). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the findings from the windshield survey completed in Valdosta, Georgia. Direct Data While examining the community of Valdosta, Georgia there were some commonRead MoreWindshield Survey1376 Words   |  6 PagesPopulations: Milestone1: Community Windshield Survey Form Directions: Please refer to the Milestone 1: Community Windshield Survey Guidelines and grading rubric found in Doc Sharing for specific instructions in order to complete the information below. This assignment is worth 150 points. Type your name above and your answers below directly on this form. Click Save as and save the file with the assignment name and your last name (e.g., â€Å"NR443 Windshield Survey Form_Smith†). When you are finishedRead MoreWindshield Survey1070 Words   |  5 PagesWindshield Survey NUR/405 December 3, 2012 Pamela Smith Abstract Windshield Survey A community is a group of people who live in the same area, interact with each other, and share certain norms and values. A community is defined as a locality-based entity, composed of systems of formal organizations reflecting societal institutions, informal groups, and aggregates that are interdependent and whose function or expressed intent is to meet a wide variety of collective needs (Stanhope amp;Read MoreWindshield Survey2221 Words   |  9 PagesWindshield Survey Michelle Smith University of Phoenix Healthy Communities: Theory and Practice NUR/405 Robert Roth April 23, 2012 Windshield Survey A Windshield Survey was completed for the city of Sandy Lake, a town in Northwestern PA with a population of approximately 13,000 people (Quick Facts Census website, 2012). The purpose of the survey is to identify Meadville’s community health needs. In addition to performing the survey, research was performed online to obtain supplementalRead MoreWindshield Survey1420 Words   |  6 PagesThe place is chose to conduct my Windshield Survey was, Sunnyvale, Texas, where I resided for the past 7 years. Windshield survey is conducted to observe the health of the community and its members. The factors affecting health is collected and community health nurses intervene to create a difference either to the entire community or its members. Community assessment helps identify community needs, clarify problems, and identify strengths and resources 351. Even though I lived and worked in thisRead MoreEssay Windshield Survey3429 Words   |  14 PagesWindshield Survey Data Collection Grid and Paper Carletta Pope and Terra Wheeler HCS/457 July 25, 2010 Dr. Jamal, MD, MPH CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY: I certify that the attached paper is my original work and has not previously been submitted by me or anyone else for any class. I further declare I have cited all sources from which I used language, ideas, and information, whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, and that any assistance of any kind, which I received while producing this paperRead MoreA Survey On Hamilton Windshield Survey Essay899 Words   |  4 PagesHamilton Windshield Survey Boundaries: †¢ Hamilton is part of Butler county †¢ Knightsbridge separate East and West Hamilton †¢ Nick name: Little Chicago Housing and zoning: †¢ A mix of housing age, old houses ( 40-100 years old predominant) and new housing developments †¢ Single family housing (predominant) follow by apartment complex and low-income housing (section eight) †¢ Houses very close to one another, mostly with front porches and one or none car garage, attics and small front yards. †¢ SidingRead MoreEssay on Windshield Survey1110 Words   |  5 PagesWindshield Survey of Lake Worth, Florida NUR 405 June 10, 2013 Windshield Survey of Lake Worth Florida As nurses we know medical professionals more than ever are responsible for treating large diverse populations. Understanding cultural differences in various populations is crucial to produce positive outcomes. Nurses have a major role in health care promotion. Nurses should be treating the patient as a whole in mind, body, and spirit. This should be included in community treatmentRead MoreCommunity Windshield Survey733 Words   |  3 PagesCommunity Windshield Survey Monica Feinberg Chamberlain College of Nursing Community Health Nursing NR443 Hyacinth Carreon April 28, 2013 Community Windshield Survey The community I have chosen for this paper is The South ward of Newark, New Jersey where the hospital which I work is located. Newark is an urban community consists of primarily of African American and Hispanic population. The South Ward of Newark and contains 17 public schools, five daycare centers, three branch libraries

Western Civilization An Absolute Monarchy And It s Faults

Once the seventeenth century began, western civilization became based upon bounds. In a structured and shared-power system known as limited monarchy, rulers either became hastened within their bounds or exploded from them. As the British Isles were frustrated in the religious, political, and national voices going unheard, England developed a Protestant-run nation in conjunction with Scotland as a bounded country in 1707. Their Parliament would make their decisions, distribute the country’s wealth, and stand for the rights of individuals. The model of one man who could not be chained to a Parliamentary system was France’s King Louis XIV. His reign begins in 1643 which brings about the genuine definition of an absolute monarchy and it’s faults. Absolutism was a practice built heavily within the Middle Ages, it would include Kings as the primary shareholders of their land, partnerships with nobles and their Churches. It would prove unsatisfactory for most kingdoms a s they failed under civil war and invasion until the seventeenth century shines a new importance on superior command. Through the strife of religious reformations and international conflicts, absolutism grants those in kingship unlimited power. King Henry IV had brought France from fifteenth century centralization and the Reformation’s civil war to cleanse the people’s doubt in their King. The Bourbons built a monarchy for the ages with their grandson Louis XIV, and Boy-King in 1643. Utilizing absolutism to acceptShow MoreRelatedBefore The Enlightenment : A Traditional Social Structure Of The Western Society1062 Words   |  5 PagesTitle Before the Enlightenment, every law and every decision was made and accepted, only by the King. There was a traditional social structure consisting of the monarchy on the top, followed by the nobles and clergy, and then all of the lower class on the bottom, which included peasants, merchants, and craftsman. When the people of the Western a Society began to receive ideas from Enlightenment scholars and thinkers, the began to realize how wrong the ways of the King were. They began to revolt againstRead MoreWomen Before and After the Pahlavi Period in Iran5501 Words   |  23 Pagessought the citizen supported and the forceful death of the Pahlavi dynasty which was ruled, with a denied democracy, under Mohammed shah and his father, Reza shah who were both put forth by the British. Due to the controversial media’s coverage, its western influence and lack of justice, there remains a bitter taste in the mouth of feminists in regards to women’s rights under the newly born Is lamic state. In this paper, I will be examining and shedding light on these issues, as well as comparing theRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagescentury in myriad ways. On the one hand, the war set in motion transformative processes that were clearly major departures from those that defined the nineteenth-century world order. On the other, it perversely unleashed forces that would undermine Western world dominance and greatly constrict the forces advancing globalization, both of which can be seen as hallmarks of the opening decades of the twentieth century. This intermingling of the forces and processes that were arguably essential components Read MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pages Marketing management – an introduction Unit structure: 1. Introduction 2. Learning Objectives 3. Marketing Management 3.1. Evolution of marketing management 3.2. The Role of Marketing 3.3. Marketing concepts 3.4. The Marketing Mix (The 4 P s Of Marketing) 3.5. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Ethics in Marketing 4. Have you understood type questions 5. Summary 6. Exercises 7. References 1. INTRODUCTION: The apex body in United States of America for the Marketing functions, AmericanRead MoreRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 Pagesthe English established a relationship of commercial exchange and indirect occupation, utilizing the Miskitu people for this with the establishment of a relative degree of autonomy. In the Caribbean, the Indigenous Peoples were under the Miskitu Monarchy, an English protectorate that governed under a regimen of Autonomy, until the occupation of Moskitia by the Government of Nicaragua of a little less than a century ago in 1894. In 1589 the first settlements were established in Laguna de Perlas

Iris Setosa, Iris Versicolour Free Essays

Finally, the â€Å"Zoo† data set Is a trivial one with 7 classes, which are animal groups, with a total of 101 instances. Each animal instance contains 18 attributes, those of which include the animal’s name or race, 2 numeric for its legs and its type, and 15 Boolean-valued attributes; those that involve simple yes or no answers. The following is an analysis of 4 classification algorithms that can be optimally used for these data sets. We will write a custom essay sample on Iris Setosa, Iris Versicolour or any similar topic only for you Order Now ANN. would be a good decision when simplicity and accuracy are the overwhelming factors, like in the â€Å"Zoo† data set. This classification algorithm does not focus on the prior probabilities, and is very efficient in structure. The primary computation is the sorting procedures in order to guru out the k-nearest neighbors for the test data. There are many advantages. It is structurally trivial, but it’s able to make complex decision boundaries, it doesn’t need much information to be able to work, it naturally gets in tune with our problem-solving techniques, and it learns easily. The disadvantages are that it takes quite a long time to classify and that it’s somewhat hard to find the best value for k. Decision Tree The Decision Tree algorithm helps solve the problem of classifying data into multiple groups of data. It provides innovative rules for solving large amounts of classification assignments because it arks on every different type of data. It’s well-suited for analyzing abundant amounts of info, such as the â€Å"Adult† data set, because it does not need to load all the data in the system’s main memory all at the same time. It uses a root system to remove the burden of the problem’s difficulty. The Decision Tree exploration engine is used for assignments such as classifying databases or predicting results. These decision trees should be used when your mission is to assign your records to some ample categories. They help you out with rules that are easy to comprehend, ND those which can also help you pinpoint the best fields in case of future involvement in the project. There are an equal amount of advantages and disadvantages here. In the bright side, it is easy to comprehend and to generate rules, and it makes your life a whole lot easier when the problem gets degraded in difficulty. On the other hand, once an error has been made on a node at level n, then any and all nodes at level n-l, n-2, n-3,†¦ , n-k will also be wrong. Furthermore, it is not good at handling continuous variables. Nevertheless, being able to work with mass scale database files with Just his algorithm is reputable in itself. How to cite Iris Setosa, Iris Versicolour, Papers

Effects of Deinstitutionalisation

Question: Discuss about the Effects of Deinstitutionalisation. Answer: Introduction: The healthcare system of Australia has changed explicitly since deinstitutionalisation. This has led to targeting a larger number of individuals suffering from mental maladies and illness with the help of switching to community based settings than the common settings such as hospitals, asylums and others. Furthermore, a well established recovery framework has also led to effective systematization of the proceedings required to be followed for optimal treatment (Willis, Reynolds, Keleher, 2016). The essay undertakes critical analysis and evaluation of mental healthcare practices and services implemented prior to deinstitutionalisation and after it in Australia. This essay outlines the importance of optimal mental health services and the different scenarios prevailed before and after deinstitutionalization in Australia. Furthermore, detailed analysis has been undertaken on the recovery framework implemented by the Australian government to tackle the issue. Mental health services are determined as the pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions provided to the patient suffering from any sort of mental malady or illness (Jennings, 2016). Such services are needed to be specifically patient-oriented in order to impart required optimal remedial treatment in terms of medication and palliative care. There has been a tremendous improvement and changes in healthcare system of Australia. Different public sector specialists are now working together in multidisciplinary and multiagency teams for the effective treatment of larger number of mental patients (Leutwyler, et al., 2014). Deinstitutionalisation is a process of converting and substituting the lengthy remedial procedures of the hospitals or asylums into the community settings especially for the treatment of the patients suffering from the mental conditions. This process was initiated in Australia way back in 1800s when a large number of people were suffering and dying due to inefficient remedial treatment towards various mental diseases or illness (McDermott, 2017) . In order to provide effective treatment at a larger scale, concept of community settings was established to reach every nook and corner of the country. Prior to deinstitutionalisation, awareness and treatment were not subjective and directed patient knowledge and comfort. Only those people could access resources and treatment that were aware of it. Furthermore, certain other prevalent issues that led to the disquiet and unease in the patient were inaccessible resources, expensive treatment, poor quality of treatment, disinterest among the h ealthcare professionals towards the work, over-crowded hospitals, asylums and other places of treatment. All these issues required interventions from the legislation of the Australia for safeguarding the patients under vulnerable groups. This has led to the formulation and implementation of conducts that led to optimal deinstitutionalisation in Australia (Wiesel Bigby, 2015). The Victorian Mental health standards provided legal rights and undertakings that worked to prevent any harm to the mental patients in terms of treatment, social and cultural wellbeing. The year 1888 undertook the establishment of the commission on Zox Royal that ensured effective implementation of the policies and protocols of Victorian mental health standards. Year, 1914 undertook the privatisation of the health services in places other than hospitals and asylums. Furthermore, the year 1933 determined the formulation, implementation and regulation of The Mental Act that ensured the practicing of updated tech nology in terms of tools, equipment and treatment methodologies in order to abandon the old fashioned methodologies undertaken for the treatment at that time. In addition to this, with many upcoming years, amendments have been made in this act ensuring the protection of the rights of patients, better implementation and regulation of the practices by healthcare professionals and undertaking of voluntary and involuntary measures as a part of decision-making during palliative care under critical condition. The protection of mental patients rights and updated treatment has been registered under the Charter of Rights and Responsibilities act of 2006 under the section 10 and section 21 (Scheid, 2016). Majorly, three different studies have been conducted on the deinstitutionalization of Australia. The first study was conducted determining the relocation of patients from a small and underdeveloped institution to St. Nicholas Hospital. It was found out that there was no substantial improvement in the condition of the patients after shifting to the hospital. Another study conducted in the New South Wales on the people with disability shifted to the community settings determined that the new adaptation was positive for them in terms of better responding to the implemented treatment and acquisition of new skills for the enhancement in the quality of life (Kidd, Kenny, McKinstry, 2015). Another study was conducted to compare the patients residing in the St. Nicholas Hospital and in the community settings of New South Wales. The resultant determined that better response to the imparted treatment and desire for a quality life was determined in the community setting of New South Wales pati ents than the patients of St. Nicholas Hospital (Kritsotaki, Long, Smith, 2016). A lot has changed after the deinstitutionalisation in Australia and this had led to the formulation of National Mental Health Strategy that covers every aspect of the optimal treatment and protection of the vulnerable people suffering from mental disabilities (Bradbury, Hutchinson, Hurley, Stasa, 2016). This strategy was first formulated in the year 1992 by the government of the Australia and has been reported and amended many times according to the changes required. Besides this, the Australian government has undertaken a recovery framework called as The Mental Health Service System that undertakes different services, programs and legislation required for the early recovery of the mental patients. This framework provides optimal national guidelines for both the practitioners and patients for the effective delivery of the care and treatment and optimal responding to the treatment by patients. Furthermore, this framework provides recovery and patient oriented theories, policies and p rotocols based on existing research for the effective regulation of the treatment. The policies, procedures and strategies are extremely important as they set efficacious guidelines for the systematic conduction and regulation of the safeguard interventions (Slade, et al., 2014). Conclusively, deinstitutionalisation has played a significant role in formulating, assessing and regulating the optimal treatment and palliative care to the mental patients residing in Australia. Prior to deinstitutionalisation, the treatment and care provided to such patients were not effective enough due to which high mortality rate prevailed. Furthermore, overcrowded asylums, hospitals, rehabilitation centres were also one big issue faced by healthcare professionals and legislation. National mental health strategy provides a recovery-oriented systematic framework for the optimal regulation and conduction of the treatment. Furthermore, mental health service system is another framework based on similar guidelines providing effective treatment, legislation involvement and enhanced response to treatment by the patients. Bibliography Bradbury, J., Hutchinson, M., Hurley, J., Stasa, H. (2016). Lived experience of involuntary transport under mental health legislation. International journal of mental health nursing. Jennings, A. (2016). On being invisible in the mental health system. Sexual Abuse in the Lives of Women Diagnosed WithSerious Mental Illness. Kidd, S., Kenny, A., McKinstry, C. (2015). The meaning of recovery in a regional mental health service: an action research study. Journal of advanced nursing, 181-192. Kritsotaki, D., Long, V., Smith, M. (. (2016). Deinstitutionalisation and After: Post-War Psychiatry in the Western World. Springer. Leutwyler, H., Hubbard, E. M., Slater, M., Jeste, D. V., Taylor, A. C., Bond, G. R. (2014). Transforming the mental health system into a recovery oriented, integrated system of care requires a psychiatric work force that understands the relationship between recovery processes and community living. Fellowship programs in public and community psyc. Community Mental Health Journal, 120-125. McDermott, S. ((2017).). Housing for Australians with Serious Mental Illness. Housing, Citizenship, and Communities for People with Serious Mental Illness: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy Perspectives,. McDermott, S. (2017). Housing for Australians with Serious Mental Illness. Housing, Citizenship, and Communities for People with Serious Mental Illness: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy Perspectives,. Scheid, T. L. (2016). An Institutional Analysis of Public Sector Mental Health in the Post-Deinstitutionalization Era. Emerald Group Publishing Limited., (pp. 63-87). Slade, M., Amering, M., Farkas, M., Hamilton, B., O'Hagan, M., Panther, G. .., Whitley, R. (2014). Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery?oriented practices in mental health systems. World Psychiatry, 12-20. Wiesel, I., Bigby, C. (2015). Movement on shifting sands: Deinstitutionalisation and people with intellectual disability in Australia. Urban Policy and Research, , 178-194. Willis, E., Reynolds, L., Keleher, H. (. (2016). Understanding the Australian health care system. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Blockbuster Failure free essay sample

The Failed Organization, Summary, Mission, Values, Objectives The role of leadership, structure and culture -Indicators of failure -Specific Organization behavior theories that explained its failure. approx 500 Blockbuster Video Blockbuster used to be the behemoth of video stores with people roaming the aisles in search of a favorite movie the entire family could enjoy. It was also convenient because customers could get their favorite movie along with a wide selection of candy, popcorn, and soda pop. Blockbuster was iconic in the 90s and early 2000s. A phrase was even produce among customers and used for many years its a blockbuster night At its peak in 2004, Blockbuster had up to 60,000 employees and more than 9,000 stores. (Farfan, 2012) Blockbuster mission statement was: Our corporate mission is to provide our customers with the most convenient access to media entertainment, including movie and game entertainment delivered through multiple distribution channels such as our stores, by-mail, vending and kiosks, online and at home. We will write a custom essay sample on Blockbuster Failure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We believe Blockbuster offers customers a value-prices entertainment experience, combining the broad product depth of a specialty retailer with local neighborhood convenience. Due to its competition from Netflix and Redbox, Blockbuster lost a significant amount of revenue and filed for bankruptcy on September 23, 2010. Netflix added a twist that immediately appealed to blockbuster customers, Monthly plans that allowed customers to keep their DVDs for several days without incurring any late fees. The offer tapped into consumer anger because Blockbusters fees could easily double or triple the cost of the video rental. According to (Anderson Liedtke, 2000) In 2000 Blockbuster collected nearly $800 million in late fees, accounting for 16 percent of its revenue. Last year, those late fees had plunged to $134 million, or just 3 percent of the companys revenue. Blockbuster probably would have been in a far better position had it taken a company called Netflix more seriously. In 2000, Blockbuster turned down a chance to purchase the still freshman Netflix for $50 million. They believed the customers would not adapt well to change and they believed the Netflix machines were to complex. (Graser, 2013) In 2005, Variety first reported that while Antioco (CEO of Blockbuster) was respected as a tough negotiator and strong manager, he lacked the vision to see where the home video industry was going and the changing shifts in the business under his feet.

Cutters essays

Cutters essays Can you imagine cutting you arm and/or legs, with a razor blade- on impulse? Good morning/afternoon fellow teachers and students of St. Ursula School. I am here to talk to you about a topic that is starting to become very common among teenagers, But you might not hear that much of it because all of them keep it as a secret. And its not just a secret, its a disturbing, dangerous secret fueled by feelings of loneliness, rejection and whatever leads to depression in teenagers lives. The topic I am talking about goes by many different names: self-mutilation, self-injuring, self-abuse the new age anorexia AKA cutting. For those of you who still might not have a clue what Im talking about, self-mutilation is a persons attempt to intentionally cause harm to him or herself, resulting in an injury thats usually bad enough to cause skin damage. For example some people burn, some people cut, some people hit themselves, some pull out their hair, some break their bones, and some prevent existing wombs from healing. But cutting is the most popular method, so I choose to focus mainly that. Many teenagers today are very sensitive to rejection, either from their family members, friends or in their love life. Almost any depressing or upsetting thought can activate a cutter. 10% of teenage girls are cutters, and apparently cutting is mostly found among girls, though more and more boys are being known. The way they mostly see self-mutilation in boys is they tend to burn themselves. You might wonder how these teenagers do not get caught? It is because they normally perform it behind closed and locked doors, like in their bedroom and or bathroom, and cutters will use any thing with a sharp or jagged edge on it to cut such as: safety pins, scissors, razor blades, knives, etc. Its almost impossible to remove the items away from them, and if u succeed by doing so they will find another way to harm them s...

VLSI Technology and Reliability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

VLSI Technology and Reliability - Essay Example Introduction Every day in the word transistors sizes and costs are decreasing while as their speed is increasing. The formation of MOS takes place by superimposing several layers of insulating, conducting and transistor forming materials. The CMOS technology provides two types of transistors namely the n-type transistor and the p-type transistor. Motivation The rapidity with which hardware technology is changing motivated writing of the paper. The main aspect was the reason that the hardware prices are getting cheaper while its quality is improving. History of CMOS The CMOS were invented in 1963 by Frank Wanlass. This technology has been used in every electronically digitally integrated circuit in the modern world. This has been made possible by their operating speed also reduction of size in every subsequent production of CMOS (Thes, 2008). The development in CMOS technology tends to rely on Moore’s law, which stated that, â€Å"an approximate 30% reduction in linear dimensi on and introduction of products with the new technology 2 years after the previous† (Sadan & Current, 2002). Figure 1: The three types of CMOS processing n-well, p-well and twin-well (Baker & Jacob, 2010). SOI (Silicon on Insulator) well fabricator on CMOS It was used in selected discrete and integrated circuits in 1960s. It was developed to be used for space exploration making it used in early satellites and space exploration systems (Colinge, 2010). These devices were fabricated with SOS (silicon on sapphire), but recently they are fabricated with SIMOX (separation by Implanted Oxygen). In recent world, SOI fabricators continue to be researched on due to their use in fabrication of the CMOS’s ICs (Marshall and Natarajan, 2002). Industry players believed by 2006-2008 there would be a huge shift to the fully depleted SOI CMOS would occur. During 2010, it was believed that 10% of the transistors would have been using this technology (Baker & Jacob, 2008). Modern usage of SOI wafer 1. IBM is using it in the high-end RS64-IV â€Å"Istar† PowerPC-AS microprocessor in 2000. 2. The making of AMD microprocessor. 3. Used in play station 3 and Wii. 4. Making of Intel processors. 5. Used in silicon photonic. Advantages of SOI 1. They were resistant to ionization by radiation which would have taken place due to the solar wind radiation in space. 2. It was also preferred due to the robust voltage isolation of IC. 3. Due to its ability to offer perfect transistor count which has led to lower leakage in transistors. This characteristic has led to continue use of SOI even in the modern world. 4. It is also known for faster performance and lower power consumption due to its reduced parasitic drain capacitance. 5. It ensures higher transistor count which ensures tighter transistor packing in devices. This ensure in reducing the size of devices. 6. It is seen to be less complex making it a choice by many to use. 7. The buried oxide plays a role within by off ering thermal insulation in SOI. This insulation has an effect of elevating temperature within the SOI device which modifies the output of the device. 8. There is complete avoidance of the latch up problem. Disadvantages 1. The absence of substrate diodes complicates the protection of input and outputs against the ESD pulses. 2. The SOI technology is believed to be expensive making it not to be widely used in the modern world. This is brought forward by the need of single crystal sapphires. 3. There is a predicament with this technology

Commercial Law Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Commercial Law Analysis - Case Study Example The impact point on the ground should have been with fine beach sand. In this case, this was not to be found. The ground was semi-hard to hard up to a height of 0.3m and harder beyond this height. A series of studies were done to find out whether the hardness of the impacting surface could have any effect on the damage done to his skill. The research did prove that this was true. The harder the surface, the damage is hard. There should have been beach sand in the pit at least up to a depth of 0.3 m. This was not to be found. The Respondent's reason for his head having to impact the ground first was also found to be not in consonance with the scientific evidence at hand. There is a possibility that the Respondent was traveling upside down for such a large impact to happen. At the trial court, the trial Judge offered compensation to the Respondent and held valid the claim that the damage to the Respondent is due to the negligence of the City. The City has moved the appellate court subsequently as an appeal over the decision made by the trial court. Summary of Decision: The Judges in the Appeal court considered the following stance and the facts above to come to a conclusion on the case: 1. The Judges found that this was a case under the causation principle. The Appellant, in this case, is liable only if the damage is caused by the negligent act of the Appellant of the case. And it is the onus of the Respondent to prove that the act did cause the damage.2. The negligent act of the Appellant need not be the sole cause of the damage. It could have materially contributed to the loss or damage to the Respondent.  

Psychology Journal Article Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Psychology Journal Article Summary - Essay Example They facilitated the research by getting 88 clients or respondents (66 women and 22 men) who are seeking counseling services from the US. They were given questionnaires wherein respondents are expected to give their answers. Out of their answers, the data collected will provide sufficient information regarding clients’ expectation to counseling in connection to factors like, personal commitment, facilitative conditions, counselor expertise, and nurturance. The result shows the relation between the four stages of change (pre-contemplation, contemplation, action, and maintenance) to the clients’ four expectation factors (personal commitment, facilitative conditions, counselor expertise, and nurturance.) The implication is that stage of change and expectations of clients are vital factors to assess whether the client is ready to engage in therapeutic process or not. Knowing the client’s expectations is favorable to the counselor and will be much helpful for him in order to make anticipations of any future or potential problems and difficulties that he might encounter during counseling. By then he will be able to find out where he is going to situate himself in dealing with different clients and at the end categorize, whether who of his clients would need corresponding counseling strategies. The procedural analysis applied by the university is really designed to help both those who seek for counseling and the counselors themselves. Their intention is to provide sufficient information that will be helpful in handling counseling clients. This article will educate those who are looking for an effective approach in the field of counseling. The responsibility of the counselor is to maintain a continuous communication with the people, and interaction with them will start an atmosphere that the clients will adapt. The therapeutic process is such a tough job and an overall understanding of the approaches that will be applied is

Should Juvenile Offender Be Tried As Adults Criminology Essay

Should Juvenile Offender Be Tried As Adults Criminology Essay Psychoanalysts have different theories and opinions. It does not matter if one looks at the theories of Jean Piaget or Erik Erickson, it is agreed that there are different levels of growth and development as a person ages. One does not reach full physiological and psychological maturity until adulthood. During the adolescent or juvenile stage of development, the brain and body continue to grow and mature. The brain is still developing and a person can still develop the cognitions to learn between right and wrong (Feldman, 2011). Trying these young offenders as adults and subjecting them to the way of the criminals they will come in contact with in adult prisons, supplies them with a society that will teach them skills needed to survive in a criminal world. If they are held in juvenile detention centers and provided the rehabilitation that is offered to them at that level, they have a better chance of learning right from wrong, repaying a debt to society for crimes committed, and beco ming a productive member of society. When a juvenile offenders commits an offense there are different guidelines that each state must follow when deciding to try as a juvenile or an adult. Depending on where the responsibility for the decision lies these guidelines will fall under one of three categories; judicial waiver, statutory exclusion, or concurrent jurisdiction (PBS, 2012). Judicial waiver means the juvenile court judge has the authority to send the case to criminal court rather than have it tried in the juvenile court system. This process is also knows as certification, remand, or bind over for criminal prosecution (Griffin, Addie, Adams, Firestine, 2011). Statutory exclusion means that a case starts out in criminal court rather than juvenile court. The juvenile court system is bypassed completely even though the offender is a juvenile. This is also known as legislative exclusion (Griffin, Addie, Adams, Firestine, 2011). Concurrent jurisdiction means that both systems work together and the prosecutor decides which avenue is the appropriate avenue for prosecution. This is also known as prosecutorial waiver, prosecutor discretion, or direct file (Griffin, Addie, Adams, Firestine, 2011). Laws started changing the way juveniles are handled in the 1980s and 1990s. For example, in Massachusetts, in 1990, Governor Dukakis signed a law into effect that stated that instead of the burden being placed on the court system to decide if a juvenile was to be tried as an adult, the burden of proof now was shifted to the juvenile to prove why they should not be tried as an adult (Kingsbury, 1990). The purpose of trying juveniles as adults is to impose harsher sentences in hopes that the fear of the harsher sentences will make juveniles think twice about committing the crimes but studies are showing that this is really not what is happening (PBS, 2012). Guidelines that govern the justice systems came into play in 1974 when the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act were enacted. Since its origination there have been many attempts, successful and not, to amend it. It sets standards for state and local juvenile justice systems, provides direct funding for states, research, training and technical assistance, and evaluations. It was put in place to protect youth (Center for Childrens Law and Policy). States that have no minimum age requirement to be tried as an adult are Alaska, Arizona, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, Nebraska, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin (PBS, 2012). States that have a minimum age of 10 are Kansas and Vermont (PBS, 2012). States that have a minimum age of 12 are Colorado, Missouri, and Montana (PBS, 2012). States that have a minimum age of 13 are Illinois, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, and Wyoming (PBS, 2012). States that have a minimum age of 14 are Alabama, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, North Dakota, Ohio, Texas, Utah and Virginia (PBS, 2012). The one state that has a minimum age of 15 is New Mexico (PBS, 2012). One side of the argument is that juvenile offenders that are tried as adults, do not receive the rehabilitation that might help them and they only learn more from the criminals they are housed with and are returned to society as even worse offenders. Treating children as adults and not trying to teach them to become more responsible adults, society is not allowing them to learn from mistakes that are being made as a child. The other side of the argument is that by treating them as children and not subjecting them to harsher punishments, society is teaching them it is ok to commit the crimes and that they will not be held responsible at the same standards an adult would. There is hope that the fear of a harsher sentence would make a juvenile think twice about his actions and consider the harsher consequences. Over time, multiple studies have shown that there is little or no decrease in crime when juveniles are tried as adults and often show that the number of repeat offenses is higher in those, whose cases were tried in adult criminal court. A Florida study looked at reoccurring or repeat offenders among 2,738 juvenile offenders. It compared juveniles who had been processed in criminal court for mid-range offenses such as auto theft, assault, and robbery with a matched group of offenders that had remained in the juvenile system. To ensure and even match, they were matched in terms of offense, number of charges, prior record, race, sex, and age (University, 2007, p. 21). Short term study results showed that juveniles who went through the adult system were rearrested more quickly, were more likely to be rearrested, and were arrested more often for a more serious felony offense than those that remained in the juvenile system (University, 2007, p. 21). Two studies were completed comparing 16 and 17 year old offenders in New York City, who were processed in the adult criminal system as opposed to 16 and 17 year old offenders in New Jersey who remain in the juvenile system. The first study in the early 1980 compared 400 offenders who had committed first degree burglary and 400 first and second degree burglary offenders. Those juveniles that were put through the adult criminal system in New York were found to have higher rearrest rates, higher rates of reincarceration and shorter times between being rearrested (University, 2007, p. 22). The second study was completed in the early 1990s in the same locations using over 2000 juveniles that faced charges of robbery, burglary and assault. Again the results showed higher rearrest rate for violent crimes and a higher rearrest rate for felony property crimes (University, 2007, p. 22). In this last study there was one difference. Juveniles that were prosecuted in juvenile court for drug offen ses were more likely to be arrested for drug offenses than those processed in the adult criminal courts. On a larger scale, in 2006 a study was done comparing monthly violent arrest rates for 5 years prior to and after the laws were enacted to try the juveniles as adults. The study did not show a reduction in the overall rate of violent crime after the enactment of the laws. In 20 of 22 states there was no decline in arrest rates following the enactment of the laws. The state of Maine showed an overall decline for violent crimes and Wisconsin showed a temporary decline (University, 2007). Another study found that mixing juvenile offenders with more serious offenders in adult prison worsened the serious of their offenses as well as the length of their criminal careers (University, 2007). As the majority of studies show, prosecuting juveniles as adults is not a deterrent for crime. It only gives them knowledge and the skills to become more adept at the crimes. To understand the reasoning for this, one would need to look at the brain and the learning patterns of the human race. Most states have minimum age requirements for an adolescent to be tried as an adult, as stated above these ages vary from 10 to 15. During these years, the adolescent is still maturing and learning from the environment around them which can help shape the person they are to become. A person does not fully mature until they reach adulthood (Feldman, 2011). Society has two choices. A juvenile can be incarcerated and handled in the juvenile system, that is set up to help them learn from their actions and rehabilitate them to becoming a functioning productive member of society or they can be processed through the adult system; where they can learn from other criminals how to better their skills as a criminal and not receive any chance of rehabilitation. They will then be returned to society to practice what they have learned during incarceration. There are instances that should be reserved to be handled only in the adult judicial system. The crime of murder should be punishable as an adult because of the severity of deliberately taking another personà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s life. A person that is capable of deliberately taking another life, regardless of age is not capable of rehabilitation. There are cases of self-defense and accidents that would not be considered deliberately taking a life and should receive case by case consideration. Another case that should be tried as an adult is a case involving deliberate physical assault or injury. Again, if they are to the point they can deliberately cause physical harm and injury to another, they are most likely past rehabilitation and need to be handled as such. Take into consideration a young male or female that has never been arrested or even so much as received a parking ticket, this adolescent ends up at the wrong personà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s house and there is a party. Succumbing to peer pressure, this honor roll student drinks a few too many beers and rides along with a group of kids that have a criminal past and they break into a closed business. They are apprehended and all are taken through the adult court system. This previous honor roll student now has a felony record and cannot get the job they had in their future plans, they cannot register to vote, they cannot possess a gun and go hunting during hunting season and this is all due one bad mistake that happened one night; throwing away a life time of outstanding achievements. Should this juvenile be held to the same standards as a full grown adult that held a gun to an innocent victim and pulled the trigger? Is this plan foolproof and when does society need to change the rules? Society needs to uphold the same rules for juveniles as it does adults, just on different levels. Most states have a rule for repeat offenders known as 3 strikes youà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢re out. Three times of repeating and they serve a life sentence. Juveniles should be held to the same standards. If they are processed through the juvenile system and repeat offenses three times, then they should be moved up the ladder and processed through the adult judicial system.

Apollo 11 :: essays research papers fc

Apollo 11 From countdown to splashdown, Apollo 11's mission was filled with some surprising twists and turns. It took a combination of luck, determination and guts for the crew of Michael Collins, Buzz Aldrin, and Neil Armstrong to get the Eagle to the surface of the moon with only 30 seconds of fuel remaining! Experience the moments leading up to the lunar landing with me. On the morning of July 16, 1969 a 60-ton Saturn 5 rocket was given a thorough inspection on launch pad 39-A at the Kennedy Space Center. On board, Four and half tons of fuel, and a spider-shaped spaceship covered with gold and silver foil. The goal of Apollo 11 was stated very simply. Perform manned lunar landing and return mission safely. Simply stated, but almost impossible to achieve, it was the mission NASA had been preparing for almost a decade, and nobody was trying to pretend this was just another launch. It would take this rocket ship almost three days to reach the shores of their new world. For the crew on board, that’s when the real mission would begin. Until then, they could marvel at a view that only six people before them had been privileged enough to see. Exactly 75 hours and 50 minutes after blasting off from Earth, the crew of Apollo 11 entered lunar orbit, something only two crews before them had done. Every orbit brought the crew closer to their ultimate destination, the Sea of Tranquility, a flat surface near the Moon’s equator that would be lit by the Sun when the final approach began. On the 13th orbit of the Moon, Aldrin, Armstrong and Collins began their voyage into uncharted territory. On the morning of Sunday July 20th, the three crew members were woken up after a restless night’s sleep. Aldrin and Armstrong climbed through the tunnel connecting the Command Module to the lunar lander and entered the spaceship they had named, The Eagle. For Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong, life would soon become much more curious than that. With the flick of a switch, Collins detached The Eagle from the mother ship Columbia and the journey to the surface of the Moon had begun. With very little fanfare the Eagle rounded the corner to the far side of the Moon. The crew has a series of maneuvers to perform during their final lunar orbit. But the crew on the ground is helpless.

Henry V as War Poet

There are many different attitudes to war: pacifists find it morally outrageous and unnecessary, others a necessity to protect and defend their own country and that of others. During the life of Shakespeare the security of the King on his throne was unstable. Defending the throne and social stability through war was imperative. This is reflected thematically in ‘Henry V', with Shakespeare promoting the King as a divinely appointed ruler and encouraging acceptance of this. Throughout ‘Henry V' there are very strong references to God, sin and salvation. War is viewed as a moral and spiritual means of upholding the status quo. With this in mind, ‘Henry V' opens with the mature king, ‘The mirror of all Christian kings', seeking justification for declaring war on France, with Henry asking the Archbishop if God is happy with his claim to the French throne. ‘May I with right and conscience make this claim? ‘ Henry, asking the Archbishop for support as King of England, demonstrates his desire to fight in the name of God, confirming that God's appointed monarch is bound by spiritual laws. Later on in the play we learn of Henry's other justification for war: honour. He says he is not interested in gold – he only wants honour and glory for his country. ‘But if it be a sin to covet honour, then I am the most offending soul alive. ‘ Henry will not proceed with war unless his decision to fight is justified by the Church. No longer will he be reckless in conflict, as he was in his younger days. Before battle Henry prays; following success he offers thanks. War is viewed as both necessary, justifiable and sanctioned by God. Despite this spiritual view, war is also promoted as a ‘game' and a noble adventure, a means to bond with ‘dear friends'. Having been given tennis balls as a provocative insult, war is seen as the inevitable consequence and Henry declares war, by saying ‘the game's afoot'. This metaphor of war being a game continues through the whole play, despite the fact that it is a wicked and bloody ‘game' which results in horrific suffering and bloodshed. Interestingly, Jessie Pope,a jingoistic war poet, also represented war as a great adventure game that all boys should embark on, as seen in her poem ‘Who's For The Game? . She specifically addresses the younger generation in her chatty tone with lines such as ‘Come on, lads. ‘ and personifies the country as a female, with the attitude that the men should be protecting and serving her. She appeals to the protective instinct and the patriotic desires of the individual by doing this, by saying ‘Your country is up to her neck in a fight, and she's looking and calling for you'. The poem is structured with rhetorical questions which aim to persuade and encourage men to join force and fight. As a propaganda poem, the horrors of war are evaded and the idea of a fun game promoted with vivid description and verbs. ‘The red crashing game of a fight? ‘ Before Harfleur, Henry is also at his rhetorical best to unite and inspire his ‘team'. War is regarded as an inherited duty. ‘On, on, you noblest English. Whose blood is fet from fathers of war-proof! ‘. Repetition is used as a means of encouragement, with Henry stressing the words ‘On, on' to urge his soldiers forward, and alliterating the ‘f' sound stresses that fighting and carrying on from their fathers preserves family honour and security. It is better to die fighting for England, to ‘close the wall up with our English dead', then be cowardly, as Rupert Brooke reinforces when he says ‘There shall be in that rich earth a richer dust concealed; A dust which England bore, shaped, made aware'. In these quotations it is clear that the products of England have the duty to fight and defend their motherland, or at least die honourably trying. Similarly, Brooke justifies war by stressing people were duty bound to fight for their country. He too believed that England made him who he was and it was his duty to protect it. ‘A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware. In this sense, Brooke also believed that he was a possession belonging to England and that he owed a debt to his country. ‘Gives somewhere back the thoughts by England given'. Henry's persuasive speech stresses this same idea. ‘Whose limbs were made in England, show us here The mettle of your pasture'. ‘The Soldier' promotes patriotism by focussing on the beauty of the country rather than the actual fighting – rather ironic for a war poem. As in ‘Henry V', there is the idea present that England is superior and worth more than other countries, as shown by the use of the word ‘rich'. and in that rich dust a richer dust concealed', the dust being Brooke's remains. The poem is Brooke's personal narrative; about him giving his body back to England. ‘gives back the thoughts by England given' Patriotism would encourage a man to fight, courage is an essential quality to survive! War is promoted as an act of courage. Most of Henry's key speeches in the play, such as the charge of Harfleur and the one delivered on St Crispians day, were designed to raise spirits and work up courage. One prominent idea, especially in the St Crispians day speech, is that the fewer men there are, the ‘greater share of honour'. Henry also tells his soldiers not to fear death, saying that it would be honourable to die for their country. ‘If we are mark'd to die, we are enow to do our country loss'. At times Henry dissolves his powers of status and leadership to become one of the ‘brother's'. He labels him and his soldiers a ‘happy few', a ‘band of brothers', rather than calling them an army and presenting them as a unit that's not only hostile and foreign to the attackers but also to each other. He uses pronouns such as ‘we' and ‘us' rather than ‘I' and ‘you'. This demonstrates equality and unites the army to encourage the bonds of ‘brotherhood' between them – a clever rhetorical tactic to persuade and encourage soldiers to rise above their individual circumstances and differences and become a more robotic mass. In contrast, poets such as Owen and Graves deliberately focus on the individual, whereas Henry encourages his soldiers to lose their individuality for the sake of England. This is seen as a clever leadership tactic: leading under the guise of not purely following a leader, but of everyone being of equal status. War is instinctively a natural act of defence, and is Henry's first thought when he is insulted. When provoked, animals attack, as shown in the imagery of Act 3, Scene 2. Henry tells his soldiers that when they hear ‘the blast of war', their first actions should be those of the tiger, acknowledging an aggressive and instinctive side to these men. ‘Then imitate the action of the tiger; Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood'. According to Henry, these animalistic tendencies should dominate them in this fight. ‘Disguise fair nature with hard-favour'd rage'. War is a glorious and natural defending action to these men, and they have to be prepared to follow and encourage this instinct. Like Pope and Brooke, Wilfred Owen and Robert Graves were patriotic, but when they saw firsthand the horrors of war their attitude changed. Graves' poem ‘A Dead Boche' details his change in attitude. ‘Today I found in Mametz Wood, a certain cure for a lust for blood'. War may be an expression of courage, patriotism, honour, but to Graves â€Å"War's Hell! â€Å", as declared in â€Å"A Dead Boche'. Grave's focuses on the torment of an individual soldier, meaning that the ravages of war cannot be sidestepped. No one can view the â€Å"Big-bellied, spectacled, crop-haired, Dribbling† wounded man as honourably and happily dying and returning to the soil of his home country. We are forced to see the horror of war, a horror which Henry cleverly acknowledges but as the fate of the enemy and the consequence of arousing his anger: When the siege of Harfleur fails, Henry attempts to bluff his way into the city by painting a vivid picture of what will happen if the French do not surrender. Defile the locks of your shrill shrieking daughters; Your father's†¦ reverend heads dash'd to the walls'. The use of onomatopoeia and alliteration in ‘shrill shrieking' emphasises the outrageously violent consequences of war. Nature imagery is also used in the line ‘mowing like grass your fresh-fair virgins'. The image of mowing grass usually creates nice images of the springtim e and getting the earth ready for blooming, however here the simile creates a dark image, as we are not mowing grass – we are ‘mowing' through and cutting down ‘flowering infants', indeed the innocent in war. Henry is presenting war as a punishment, not just to the French soldiers, but even to the non-participants in the fighting as well as the Shakespearean audience. In his speech he emphasises the attacks on the most helpless and innocent people in the community, such as the ‘fresh-fair virgins', describing graphic deaths involving rape and mindless violence. Henry has an attitude towards this war that lets him believe that God will not see them as sinning – ‘with conscience wide as Hell' – because this invasion has been sanctioned by Him, and as a result he is prepared to do anything to fulfil his claim. However, the reader and the audience of this play must wonder if God is used as an excuse by Henry because what kind of God would sanction such Hell on earth? ‘Who's For The Game' and ‘The Soldier' give justifications for war – defending your country and owing a debt to it respectively. However, Wilfred Owen, another war poet, failed to give any justification in his poems, purely because he didn't see the reasons behind war! He aimed to show the reality and horrors of war in his poems for all participants, the most notable being ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est'. Owen questions how such pain and degradation be justified. In his poem ‘Anthem For Doomed Youth', Owen presents a world devoid of divine order and intervention; a hell on earth. This was the reality of the ‘war hero' stories about those heroically dying to protect their country. ‘no prayers nor bells' There are no bells ringing worshippers to Church to glorify God, and the only choir is that of ‘wailing shells'. Religious imagery is used to highlight the horrific, hellish reality. All the weapons in this poem are personified – ‘wailing shells' ‘monstrous anger of the guns' – implying the attitude that war is not a natural phenomenon – it is completely man-made destruction here. This attitude starkly contrasts with Henry's viewpoint in his prayers and speeches, as he believes that war is a natural part of all men and therefore life. ‘The mirror of all Christian Kings' also sees God as his motivation, inspiration and his protector, and God is listed first in his battle cry as they charge toward glory. ‘God for Harry, England, and Saint George! ‘ Henry cleverly presents war as only being hell for the French with the English glorious in battle or death. Henry deliberately focusses on collective disgusting images, such as ‘I will not leave the half-achieved Harfleur till in her ashes she lie buried. ‘, which is a threat not just to individuals such as the Governor but to the whole city itself. Using such images takes the emphasise off the true foulness of war that poets such as Owen and Graves aimed to put into the light. Henry uses collective images to take the focus off his individual weakened soldiers, plagued with casualties and illness. During his bluff the focus is not on the actual torment that the ‘knock kneed†¦ hags' that had been ‘cursing through sludge' (as soldiers were described by Wilfred Owen) were going through. The focus in on the potential horror in the images of rape and mindless violence evoked by Henry that stop people such as the Governor from looking at the army that may not even be able to carry out such an attack too closely. On the whole, ‘Henry V' glorifies war. It is represented as an opportunity to display courage, heroism and brotherhood. The consequences of war are addressed in some poignant speeches, yet still the audience marvels at Henry and his army. Patriotic poets such as Jessie Pope are similarly sparing with their images, intent to encourage conscription and bravery, whereas the horrific truth about war is starkly presented by Wilfred Owen in his poems such as ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est' and ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth'. Overall, war is war, but there are many different attitudes to the event, and some – when presented in the right way – ultimately prevail, much like Henry and the English did over the French with simply a few words.

Top Training Companies for New Truckers

Top Training Companies for New Truckers Listen up, new and inexperienced drivers! If you can’t wait to get behind the wheel of a truck and start earning a paycheck as a professional driver, then keep reading! RJ Trucker Blog has some no-nonsense advice for getting yourself road-ready and employed in no time- including some top picks for company-sponsored training! Are you worried that your lack of training or experience will make it impossible for you to get started? Don’t be! There are plenty of companies that have sponsored training programs- you can get trained and hired all at once! This includes either company-subsidized training or training hosted by the company itself, often in return for work for a specified length of time or some repayment arrangement, or both.Here’s a list of some top trucking companies that offer sponsored CDL training:U.S. Xpress, Inc.Schneider NationalKLLM Transportation ServicesBaylor TruckingCrete Carrier Corp.Werner EnterprisesJB HuntTMC TransportationPrime IncMaverick TransportationGordon Trucking, Inc.Con-way TruckloadCovenant TransportShaffer TruckingAll of the companies on this list are well known and have solid reputations, but don’t forget- you should still do your research when choosing the one that’s best for you. Company-sponsored training can be fast, easy, and free you from upfront costs, but be certain that the specific terms in the agreement are acceptable before signing on. Make sure you choose a good company that offers thorough training and reasonable work hours at an acceptable wage!

‘Football Academies and the Migration of African Football Labour to Europe Essay Example

‘Football Academies and the Migration of African Football Labour to Europe Essay Example ‘Football Academies and the Migration of African Football Labour to Europe Essay ‘Football Academies and the Migration of African Football Labour to Europe Essay The migration of African players into European leagues and teams can be suggested to have negative effects upon African football (Darby, 2007). Within this essay it will try and critique the issues that Darby (2007) has concerns about. Darby (2007) identifies due to the financial superiority of the west, Africa have become the suffering nation due to such neo imperialistic behaviour. With Bale and Maguire (1994) suggesting with the dependency theory Africa have become the dependant underdevelopment state; due to the reliance of financial superiority of the west. For example the more successful teams within Europe developing new academies, to go in search of a new market in which to buy and sell product (African footballers) into higher rise football teams; thus producing more income for their team. Although Darby (2007) does mention in parts that certain academies can provide high level African athletes; the impression given is one of which the academies are set up for the sole imperialistic nature in which to produce high level athletes. Such suggestion from Darby (2007) could be associated with a hyper globalist pessimist; in that globalisation is occurring but in contrast there are things that could be done to improve matters. In connection, with suggestions from Crouch (2011) implies due to neo liberalisation, other companies (McDonalds and Nike) from the west take advantage of the raw talent (labour); that Africa provide due to its low cost and affordability. Crouch relating to Darby’s paper in that with the exploitation of different types of academies; certain associations can exploit the raw talent that Africa provides. Furthermore Darby (2007) relates to the neo-colonial importance involved with such exploitation of labour. Implications for Africa could arise with the academies producing a dependant relationship with the European countries (Klein, 1991); in relation again to economic superiority of the west, with Western football interests gaining power through the success of the European league setup. Further implications could arise from such ‘exploitation’; in association to Africa, Brazil are dealing with similar problems, due to mass exodus of skilled talent to European countries rendering Brazilian football perpetually dependent upon labour exportation (Alvito, 2007). Africa could also become dependent upon broadcasting and media

The Constitution creates a system that was designed to fail AND the Essay

The Constitution creates a system that was designed to fail AND the existence of a set of fundamental American values - Essay Example It also guaranteed a stronger horizontal separation of power amongst the executive, the legislature and the judiciary, thus improves institutional checks and balances while at the same time granting some autonomy to various government organs (Ellis 49). It also established the Supreme Court that would be the final arbiter in matters of law, therefore improving access to justice and resolving interstate, state-federal as well as well as conflict between the said entities and individuals. To this extent, the constitution was designed to achieve success. Even though the constitution had such praiseworthy aspects, the US creates enormously stronger federal government, with highly nationalized values. Therefore, resources get to be majorly centralized; as such the states become extremely subservient to the federal government (Wood 28).Basically all the prime sectors and taxes are in control of the federal governments. This is a weakness, since it is the states that are closer to the peopl e and therefore stand a better chance to respond faster to the need of the people, in comparison to the federal government (Ellis 49). The congress has on some occasions exercised its legislative power to pass laws that interfere with the processes already running in the states. For instance, in United States v. Morrison, pursuant to its powers under the Commerce Clause and the Fourth Amendment (Section 5), the Congress had enacted a statute, Violence against Women Act (VAWA) which provided civil remedies to gender –based violence victims against their assailants. This was based on argument that such injustices against women hindered their free participation in interstate commerce and thus a remedy was essential. The court struck down a part of this law since the law was not dealing with cases that were economic in nature. The congress had over stretched its powers under the constitution to interfere with state court, by offering a federal filing for such cases. VAWA dealt wi th a social issue (gender violence) and its economic impact on interstate Commerce was indirect and marginal. Similar scenario arose in United States v. Lopez, where the court pointed out that Commercial Clause could only be applied in cases that are directly economic in nature. United States v. Morrison defines the sensitive question of the relationship between the Congressional powers and the State powers, and in particular, the extent to which the congress may limit areas that are traditionally defined as being within the scope of the state. These decisions reveal judicial activisms in favor of state sovereignty at the expense of federalism and to strengthen the state power. The Existence of a Set of Fundamental American Values Values refer to the standards that have consciously or unconsciously set by members of a particular culture or society upon which the desirable and undesirable are distinguished behaviors (Dahrendorf 14). Values therefore form a basis for judging the peopl e and their actions, from a cultural approach, in order to determine whether they are good or bad, valuable or worthless, beautiful or ugly or whether they are prized or shunned. The values have a great role in shaping our actions and behaviour. For quite long, Americans have been known for their set of values, mostly the value of freedom and independence. This is reflected in a number of Constitutional Amendments that puts

Benefits and shortcomings of getting this additional degree Speech or Presentation

Benefits and shortcomings of getting this additional degree - Speech or Presentation Example Tuition for one semester costs $685 (15 or more credit hours), or he can pay $55 per credit hour if he takes less than 15 credit hours. It will also cost him $5 per credit hour for Student Fees and there is a technology fee of $16 per semester. Jose will need to take 14 more 3 credit courses to complete a degree in electronic commerce. He figures that he will need to attend school for 3 more consecutive semesters (1 full year plus 5 months) to complete the electronic commerce degree. Textbooks will cost him $95 per class. a. Jose is planning on taking five courses during his first two semesters in the electronic commerce program, and four courses during the third semester. How much will it cost to get this second degree? b. Jose needs to determine how much money he will need to borrow if he works 15 hours a week at a local video store making $9.50 per hour (take-home = assume 4 weeks per month). He will be able to rent a room from a friend for $200 per month, who is also willing to share groceries and phone costs. Williams share of the food and phone expenses will be $130 per month. He estimates other expenses such as car insurance and clothes to come to about $300 per month. How much will he need to borrow to complete the second degree in 1 year and 5 months? 4. What do you think? Using the evidence from above, explain in a well-structured essay the benefits and shortcomings of getting this additional degree. Research the trends, salaries, and job availability of entry-level graphic design jobs in the electronic commerce industry. Be sure to consider both short-term and long-term

Advergaming and mobile advertising Research Paper

Advergaming and mobile advertising - Research Paper Example There has been need to have a different cereal than the usual wheat one and hence the introduction of the new chocolate cereals is needed, and the introduction is done through a medium that is liked by children: videogames. The traditional advertising includes the use of television, posters and billboards and children of nowadays do not bother checking out such mediums. All they are interested in is the video games and especially those that are online. Advertising the product online in a videogame is the best way to attract the market for the chocolate cereals whose target is mostly children. The company used Multi-Link Trunking (MLT) technology to help it access several links and servers in order to ensure that as many people as possible get the advertisement through the video game. Permission is not an issue but facilitation to the right channels is necessary when using the internet. Many people got to enjoy this product more since it was introduced to them through a medium they love. Sales of the Choco Krispis should therefore have gone very high due to the fact that the cereal box was fashioned to be used as the joystick in this advergaming. Taco Bell has launched yet another food product beefy nacho burrito and is still using the mobile phone to advertise it. The advert is running through smart iPhones and hence many people with the iPhone have access to the advert through the applications. These adverts have made many people aware of the product and are buying it to try it out (Hasen, 2012). There is need to have advertisements that will reach majority of the target group without the company struggling with the logistics of production of posters of billboards to attract attention of the presence of a new product. Taco Bell has therefore addressed the need for an easy to see advert that reaches majority of the target group with minimal effort. Many people are

Entrepreneurship Education as the Emerging Trend in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Entrepreneurship Education as the Emerging Trend in Pakistan Essay For the developing world, the emerging trend is entrepreneurship education in itself. It is significant and considered a powerful tool for propelling economic growth, as significant as venture capital and incubators. The youth today is exposed to a world of information and rapid change. He is prone to be the captain of his ship more than ever before. Hence the objective is to create awareness of trends and issues being faced in Entrepreneurship Education programs and see how Pakistan can gain from the experience of the developed world. It is also the objective to see how programs have to be designed for teaching and learning by the new generation of the future. The research methodology has been to examine relevant literature of other regions and compare this to the work done in Pakistan. Its been observed that it has acquired its own field of research methodology and finally is a standalone discipline, with ample work to show its breath and depth. Our finding is that it’s going to be a different world, calling for planning for a world unknown? Our conclusion is that it is significantly important to make the youth of today gainfully employed after imparting education to them. And Pedagogy is one of the issues that deserve attention in the Entrepreneurship Education. It is a question of evolving knowledge and evolving pedagogy to impart knowledge. Local experience and theory has to be evolved building the subject. Developing countries will have a host of issues far different from the developed countries. Education policy will play very significant role to resolve these issues. The authors conclude with suggestions that there is now a need to develop theory of entrepreneurship education based on the education theory and not on the theory of management and economics. There should be all out effort to build the ‘entrepreneurship capital’ and to give it central place in the education place. Keywords:Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Generation, Pedagogy, Entrepreneurship Capital Entrepreneurship Education as the Emerging Trend in Pakistan: Confronting the Issues I. Introduction: a. Background: The field of entrepreneurship education is in the process of growing and gaining legitimacy and being recognized in the developing countries. In Pakistan it has been an up-hill task and despite efforts it is still an unknown academic field. But it is somewhat different in USA and in Europe and Japan. There it has recognition and there it has immense recognition as an important factor to keep pace with the economic growth and change required for economic efficiency. It is nurtured to impact the economies of the ‘technological tripod’ of economic growth. No doubt USA leads the way but European Council through the Lisbon Proclamation 2000 had launched itself in pursuit of economic growth through Entrepreneurship. The then President of EC committed the European Union to become the Entrepreneurship Leader as it was acknowledged that new economic growth, and productivity is generated by entrepreneurial activity (as cited by Audretch 2008). The statement is proclamation of the significance and importance of Entrepreneurship for economic development. In pursuit of entrepreneurship what is required is Entrepreneurship Education and the observation is that the trail it leaves behind is host of the emerging trends and issues which need to be examined and evaluated and worked out. Entrepreneurship Education is the path and road to developing an enterprising environment, building ‘social capital’ and ‘Entrepreneurship Capital’. â€Å"This refers to institutions, culture, and historical context that is conducive to the creation of new firms. This involves a number of aspects such as social acceptance of entrepreneurial behavior the activity of bankers, venture capital agents â€Å"(Audretsch 2008). The rationale of this paper evolve around the spirit of these terms and the process of evolving this capital is entrepreneurship education. The purpose of this paper is to explain the importance of entrepreneurship education in the light of compelling evidence surrounding us that it produces an enterprising society or ‘The Entrepreneurial Society’ and economic development. There is significant evidence about the impact of entrepreneurship on economic development (Wennekers et al 2005, Verheul Thurik 2003, Caree et al 2002, Audretsch et al 2006). â€Å"The way entrepreneurial activity has an effect on economy is that it is reflected in the macro-economic growth, value addition, employment generation, export growth, industrialization and poverty reduction†. (Wagha 2010) Entrepreneurship in the last two decades has achieved a central place in all recent discourse and debate and policymaking on education. There is a need for appropriate educational program at all academic institutions, universities, business schools and secondary schools. â€Å"So significant is the role of Entrepreneurship Education that it is considered a powerful tool for propelling economic growth as significant as venture capital and incubators†. A look at policy on education recently framed in different countries around the world reveal that there is emerging need to focus on entrepreneurship education and research. (Lee Wong 2005, Khan 2006) We realized through this research that there is a need to look at Entrepreneurship Education from the teaching and learning perspective. And of importance is how Entrepreneurship Education should be taught and the paradigm of research should be education and not merely economic and management. Bechard Gregoire (2002). It was also observed through empirical research and interviews that there is also the need to focus on the faculty of Entrepreneurship Education. There is an acute shortage of such teachers who are well versed in the pedagogy of Entrepreneurship Education. And according to Dr. Hasan Sohaib Murad, Rector, University of Management and Technology Pakistan (while addressing the audience at a Junior World Entrepreneurship Forum Pakistan (July 2011) : â€Å"The problem is our faculty, those who are teaching in business school today. They are teaching in business schools because they were not entrepreneurs. The other factor that has to be taken in consideration is the role of entrepreneurship in economic development. According to Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) entrepreneurship and economic development are exclusively mutual â€Å"GEM is based on the following premise. An economy’s prosperity is highly dependent on a dynamic entrepreneurship sector. This is true across all stages of development. Yet the nature of this activity can vary in character and impact. Necessity-driven entrepreneurship, particularly in less developed regions or those experiencing job losses, can help an economy benefit from self-employment initiatives when there are fewer work options available. More developed economies, on the other hand, can leverage their wealth and innovation capacity, yet they also offer more employment options to attract those that might otherwise become entrepreneurs†. (GEM 2010) It goes onto explain that the capacity of an economy is dependent upon highly competent individuals and positive societal perception about entrepreneurs. â€Å"An economy’s entrepreneurial capacity requires individuals with the ability and motivation to start businesses, and requires positive societal perceptions about entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship should include participation from all groups in society, including women, a range of groups and education levels and disadvantaged populations. Finally, high-growth entrepreneurship is a key contributor to new employment in an economy, and national competitiveness depends on innovative and cross-border entrepreneurial ventures†. (GEM 2010) b. Objectives of the Study: So significant is the role of entrepreneurship that the developed countries are perusing it by adopting new educational policies and by introducing strategies to create an ‘Entrepreneurship Capital’. For the developing world that has lagged behind, this is a wakeup call. Therefore the Objective is: to be aware of the issues and see how Pakistan can gain from the experiences of the developed world and evolve a suitable strategy for implementing entrepreneurship education effectively. It is assumed that, some of the best practices if disseminated will have an impact. c. Justification: As can be seen that it is essential for all developing countries and Pakistan in particular to undertake various studies pertaining to entrepreneurship, simply because this era of entrepreneurship is as potent as the era of Industrial Revolution. It has the potential for developing countries to catch-up with Developed Countries if the national economic agendas are prudently organized. d. Statement of the Problem: However some issues surrounding Entrepreneurship Education are: How should entrepreneurship education courses be designed, what should be the structure of courses? What should be the balance between activity based and text based teaching? What should be the ethical domain, and what disciplines would fall in the entrepreneurial ambit of subject? What pedagogy would be considered appropriate to teach entrepreneurship? In the midst of this expansion of courses, these emerge as a challenge how to make teaching entrepreneurship effective. Years of research and considerable debates has dispelled earlier doubts that entrepreneurship cannot be taught, and it was Drucker (1985) who said, â€Å"like other disciplines it can be taught†. But the emerging trend of Entrepreneurship Education is compounded by such factors as IT revolution and globalization. The youth today is exposed to a world of information and rapid change. He is prone to be the captain of his ship as he sees opportunities far beyond his imagination. He can evaluate the advantage of going for his own venture. He can see that Entrepreneurship is about change and competition, changing in its wake markets and ushering in technologies that entrepreneurship binds as the ‘social glue’ high-tech and ‘main street’ activities (SBA 1998). e. Research Question: Therefore the research question that we will attempt to find answer to is: 1. What issues and trends are being faced by Pakistan in Entrepreneurship Education and what adoption is required to benefit from this trend? II (a)Research Methodology: My goal is to determine the current status of the subject, by looking at the theory based on the published articles of other regions by leading authorities such as Bechard, Audretch Fayolle, Dana, Plaschka, Hindle Kuratko. This will help guide future research, but beyond literature review, I also recorded empirical findings and interviews and survey of literature to see the emerging trends in Entrepreneurship Education in Pakistan. The literature reviewed has been some grey literature and some conference papers as these were very current and contemporary thinking on emerging issues and trends. Furthermore the research has been enhanced by visiting foreign conferences for gathering data at doctoral seminars in Europe and America on Entrepreneurship Education. In that sense this is rather epistemological analysis of educational theories and reports on Entrepreneurship Education Trends and Issues. But the problem encountered was that there is not much data a vailable on this subject in Pakistan. This paper therefore undertakes the qualitative approach based on survey, interviews and literature review of this region and of the academic body that has taught the subject and also of others who have written papers on the status of Entrepreneurship Education in Pakistan. â€Å"Primary data include such facts collected from observation, surveys, and even interviews. When secondary data are unavailable and our research questions are unanswered, we have to collect data from primary sources. This proves useful because they are collected specifically for the particular study† (Ghauri Gronhaug 2002). This is obvious in the case of Pakistan where there is no secondary data on this subject. The investigation attempts to determine differences between the developed and developing countries, describing conditions that already exist, (Say in Pakistan) and why conditions in European and America are different from it. The collection of data is ongoing and eventually synthesized and conclusions are drawn. II (b)Limitation: The fundamental limitation is that hardly any journals are available in Pakistan on Entrepreneurship Education. No doubt that recent support provided by HEC for library data bases and resource centres has been greatly useful. The other fundamental handicap that the Pakistani researchers or students seeking to adopt this as their subject of specialization would face is lack of faculty. Currently there is no known or accessible faculty available in Pakistan having a PhD Degree in Entrepreneurship Education. Hence there are no doctorates of Entrepreneurship Education available to supervise or act as advisers to students desiring to do a PhD in Entrepreneurship. III. Literature Review: Discussing the Definition of Entrepreneurship Education as Emerging Trend: The subject of entrepreneurship education begins with the entrepreneur. The study of the Entrepreneur goes beyond the study of the characteristic and the traits of the entrepreneur which is the psychological profile. The entrepreneur is part of the complex process of new venture creation (Gartner 1988). And new venture creation is new economic growth which brings the importance of entrepreneurship and the education process for developing entrepreneurs. Say (1816) defined the entrepreneur as the economic agent. Hence the entrepreneur is one of the dimensions of economic growth. If we were to examine the quotation by Cole (1946) we realize that this unleashes a host of issues and trends associated with entrepreneurship and the promotion of Entrepreneurship Education. Cole (1946, p.3) states that Entrepreneur is one who â€Å"Unites all means of production – the labor of the one, t he capital or the land of the others – and who finds in the value of the products which results from their employment the reconstitution of the entire capital that he utilizes, and the value of the wages, the interest, and the rent which he pays, as well as the profits belonging to himself†. This statement explains the process of new venture creation which the entrepreneur is prone to do. It is a complete picture of the role which an entrepreneur performs as an economic player in an economy. Whereas the behavioral view of entrepreneur defines the entrepreneur as a very special person but calling for investigation to understand and define Entrepreneur and Entrepreneurship. They even cropped up when Gartner (1988) examined in what way do we define the Entrepreneur. According to him since the entrepreneur causes entrepreneurship you could explain Phenomenon of Entrepreneurship through traits approach or explain Phenomenon of Entrepreneurship through Behavioral approach. Subsequently this leads to disseminating the knowledge of entrepreneurship education. We are once again confronted with trends to adopt in Entrepreneurship Education and issues to deal with to establish the infrastructure of Entrepreneurship Education e.g. there is no evidence to support successful or unsucc essful leaders. The new trend is to focus on behavior of the leader. What they do as a leader, and not on what they are, and this aptly applies to research on entrepreneurship and hence the definition which explains and determines for us what influences behavior and performance which define entrepreneurship. (Van de Ven 1980 p.86) We have been amply warned that we should study the behaviors and activities of entrepreneurs. This brings us to the performance of an entrepreneur, the dynamism by which he proceeds as an entrepreneur and hence we call it entrepreneurship. We have come to realize that entrepreneurship can be enhanced by entrepreneurship education. Hence our question is what is entrepreneurship education. According to Bechchard Toulouse (1998) the definition of Entrepreneurship Education is â€Å"A collection of formulized teaching that informs trains and educates anyone interested in participating in social economic development through a project to promote entrepreneurship awareness, business creation or small business development†. Jones English (2004) define Entrepreneurial Education as: â€Å"Entrepreneurial Education can be viewed broadly in terms of the skills that can be taught and the characteristics that can be engendered in individuals that will enable them to develop new and innovative plans†. The creation of a discipline confronts trends and issues: Therefore the emerging trends and issues are related to multi-dimensional aspect of entrepreneurship education. The gathering of information and knowledge of this aspect is the fundamental activity of research and education to understand the behavioral phenomenon of entrepreneurship (Gartner 1988).Following the line of reasoning if personality traits could define entrepreneurs, the question of education, training and development would seem irrelevant and the foregone conclusion would be that those who possess the requisite traits should be successful entrepreneurs. As that is not the case we seek constantly ways of educating the entrepreneur to behave in a particular way to become successful. The contemplation of this fact has created a series of issues and trends required for the development of entrepreneurship education programs. In our quest for this answer we get a response from Gartner (1988) that we should follow Mintzbe rgs advice. Issues that confront entrepreneurs should be resolved to develop a profound entrepreneurship program along with its multiplicity of dimensions. Each question throws up a new philosophy and search for truth that could be developed into an answer to the issues confronting entrepreneurship education. What roles does the entrepreneur perform in moving information, in making decisions, in dealing with the people? How and why do individuals enter a new venture? The other emerging issue from this kind of reasoning is to what extent is entrepreneurship a science? To what extent is the entrepreneurs work programmable? All such questions resolve the issue of designing new branches of education in the domain of entrepreneurship. These would have to be dealt in accordance to the trends in development, competitiveness, economic growth and resource allocation.

Endogenous And Exogenous Antioxidants Benefits

Endogenous And Exogenous Antioxidants Benefits Despite the usefulness of oxidation reactions to life, it could also cause a great harm to humankind. Human beings have body that generates free radicals very continuously and these are always produced from the oxidation reaction that constantly takes place in living cells. Apart from the radicals that results from oxidation, some other ones are generated from immune cells to combat bacteria and viruses and also from ingestion, inhalation, and or absorption from our immediate environment during burning by sun or ultraviolet rays. Damage caused by free radicals includes aging, destruction of DNA and clogging of arteries. It is also believed that free radicals may play a role in cancer, strokes, and heart disease. Oxidative stress may also damage or kill cells. Free radicals cause damage to skins structural support and decrease its elasticity, resilience, and suppleness. Antioxidants stop the chain reactions of free radical, and inhibit other oxidation reactions. An antioxidant is a molecule capable of inhibiting the oxidation of other molecules. There are two types of antioxidants: exogenous and endogenous. Exogenous antioxidants are antioxidants we get from our diet and endogenous antioxidants are made by our bodies. Endogenous antioxidants repair free radical damage on the inside by initiating cell regeneration; exogenous antioxidants repair some free radical damage from the outside on in by stimulating cell regeneration. The role of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants Exogenous antioxidants are antioxidants we get from our diet by eating antioxidant-rich foods and by taking supplements. Some well known examples of exogenous antioxidants are vitamins A, C and E. Even though exogenous antioxidants can be obtained from food sources, in our modern day world it is nearly impossible to get enough exogenous antioxidants from our diet to neutralize all of the free radicals generated. This is why antioxidant supplementation is so vital. Endogenous antioxidants are made by our bodies. Because they are produced by our own bodies and not obtained from food sources, endogenous antioxidants are far more potent than exogenous antioxidants. Endogenous antioxidants repair all of the free radical damage by initiating cell regeneration from the inside on out, whereas, exogenous antioxidants only repair some of the free radical damage from the outside on in by stimulating (not initiating) cell regeneration. There are five extremely powerful endogenous antioxidants. They are: Glutathione (GSH), Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Unfortunately, the bodys production of endogenous antioxidants declines as we age. For example, our glutathione levels decline about 10-15% per decade as we grow older. This decrease in endogenous antioxidants is found to be a strong factor in contributing to premature aging and degenerative diseases. There is more than enough studies to verify that by increasing our endogenous antioxidant cellular levels, such as our glutathione levels, we can greatly help prevent many age-related health issues and degenerative diseases like Diabetes, Alzheimers, Cancer, Heart Disease, and many other health concerns. (Curr Cardiol Rev.2008 Nov; 4(4):259-68.) (Kaneto et al, 1999) Sources of Antioxidants All plants produce antioxidants. Even meat, dairy products, and eggs contain some antioxidants, which mainly come from the nutrient-rich plants the animals fed on. Plants and animals maintain complex systems of multiple types of antioxidants, such as glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E as well as enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and various peroxides. Antioxidants protection against diabetes Diabetics have high levels of oxidative stress, which basically means too many free radicals and not enough antioxidants to neutralize them. It would be beneficial for anyone suffering from Diabetes to increase their antioxidant supplementation. Glutathione, being the master antioxidant, would naturally be the best choice. Furthermore, inflammation leads to and contributes to insulin resistance. Glutathione, on top of being the most potent antioxidant, is also a powerful ant-inflammatory. Increasing evidence in both experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of both types of diabetes mellitus. Free radicals are formed disproportionately in diabetes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Abnormally high levels of free radicals and the simultaneous decline of antioxidant defense mechanisms can lead to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.development of insulin resistance. These consequences of oxidative stress can promote the development of complications of diabetes mellitus. (Wiley 2003) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦there is evidence for increased oxidative stress in diabetesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.With regard to diabetes, antioxidantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦supplementation have been shown to be beneficial. Thus, it appears that, in diabetes, antioxidant therapy could alleviate the increased attendant oxidative stress and emerge as an additional therapeutic modality. (Vega-Lopez et al, 2004) Researchers at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine have discov ered that inflammationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦leads to insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Science Daily (Nov. 7, 2007) Antioxidants protection against cancer, coronary heart disease and stroke Apples, and especially apple peels, have been found to have a potent antioxidant activity and can greatly inhibit the growth of liver cancer and colon cancer cells (Wolfe et al. 2003) (Eberhardt et al. 2000). The total antioxidant activity of apples with the peel was approximately 83 ÃŽÂ ¼mol vitamin C equivalents, which means that the antioxidant activity of 100 g apples (about one serving of apple) is equivalent to about 1500 mg of vitamin C. However, the amount of vitamin C in 100 g of apples is only about 5.7 mg (Eberhardt et al.2000). Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant, but research shows that nearly all of the antioxidant activity from apples comes from a variety of other compounds. Vitamin C in apples contributed less than 0.4% of total antioxidant activity. (Liu et al. 2001) Prospective studies suggest that people with high intakes of fruit and vegetables or blood antioxidant concentrations (Pandey et al. 1995) (Enstrom et al. 1992) in the highest quintile of the distribution have low risks of epithelial cancers,( Steinmetz and Potter 1991) coronary heart disease,(Gaziano et al.1995) and stroke. At least 10 prospective studies have shown that high intakes of fruit and vegetables confer protection against cancer, cardiovascular disease, and stroke (Steinmetz and Potter 1991) (Gillman et al.1995) Abundant evidence proves the role of virgin olive oil in protecting against cardiovascular disease. While it has long been known that olive oil helps decrease total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (Covas et al.2006) new research is shedding light on its additional cardiovascular benefits. According to the Food and Drug Administration, Eating about 2 tablespoons of olive oil daily may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. To achieve this possible benefit, olive oil is to replace a similar amount of saturated fat and not increase the total number of calories you eat in a day.(Fito et al. 2005). Scientists have proposed that several constituents of olive oil may be responsible for its anti-cancer effects. These include its anti-oxidant polyphenols as well as the lipid oleic acid, which is highly resistant to peroxidation. (Owen et al. 2004) However, there are a number of dietary antioxidants that have been identified that would help us to understand how the antioxidants function, and some are still in the process of development and testing. (Uddin and Ahmad 1995) A group of chemists at University of Scranton in Pennsylvania says that adding a mixture of antioxidants to sunscreen may help enhance protection of cancer. In animal studies, they found that a mixture of various topical antioxidants was more effective than single antioxidants in preventing the formation of skin tumors induced by ultraviolet light. In another study, the same research team found that black tea, green tea, grape seed and cranberry extracts were all promising antioxidants for fighting skin cancer when applied topically. Both studies were presented at the 229th national meeting of the American Chemical Society, the worlds largest scientific society, in San Diego on March 14, 2005. Conclusion We need to eat a healthy diet with a variety of fruits and vegetables. We cannot depend on any single super antioxidants, a variety of antioxidants are needed. Currently only antioxidants from food compounds with vitamins (vitamins A, C and E) have been proven with antioxidant efficacy. Environmental factors that produce free radicals could be avoided. In numerous epidemiological studies, apples have been associated with a decreased risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and asthma. In vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that apples have high antioxidant activity, can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, decrease lipid oxidation, and lower cholesterol, potentially explaining their role in reducing risk of chronic disease. The potential health benefits of apples are numerous. Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, including apples, as part of a healthy diet may aid in the prevention of chronic disease and maintenance of good health.